Gradient HPLC for Practitioners : RP, LC-MS, Ion Analytics, Biochromatography, SFC, HILIC.

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Cover; Main title; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; The Structure of the Book; Notes on Contributors; List of Contributors; Part 1 Principles of Gradient Elution; 1 Aspects of Gradient Optimization; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Special Features of the Gradient; 1.3 Some Chromatographic Definitions and Formulas; 1.4 Detection Limit, Peak Capacity, Resolution -- Possibilities for Gradient Optimization; 1.4.1 Detection Limit; 1.4.2 Peak Capacity and Resolution; 1.5 Gradient "Myths"; 1.6 Examples for the Optimization of Gradient Runs: Sufficient Resolution in an Adequate Time; 1.7 Gradient Aphorisms

2 Instrumental Influences on the Quality and Performance of Gradient Methods and Their Transfer Between Different HPLC Devices2.1 Technical Implementation of the Gradient Elution and the Respective Characteristics; 2.1.1 Low-Pressure and High-Pressure Gradient Proportioning -Two Fundamentally Different Technical Principles; 2.1.2 The Role of the Mixing Device in HPG and LPG Systems; 2.1.3 The Operational Principle of Mixing Devices and the Systematic Characterization of Their Effectiveness; 2.1.4 Effects of Volume Contraction when Mixing Water and Organic Solvents in Gradient Instruments

2.1.5 Effects of Minimum Leak Rates of Pump Heads in Sensitive Applications and HPG Synchronization Techniques to Correct Them2.2 The Determination and Significance of the Gradient Delay Volume of the System; 2.2.1 The Determination of the GDV and its Dependence on the Specific Operation Conditions of the System; 2.2.2 The Influence of GDV on the Chromatographic Results; 2.2.3 Possibilities of the User to Influence System GDV and its Impact on Chromatography; 2.3 The Transfer of Gradient Methods Between Different HPLC Systems

2.3.1 Practical Tips for Dealing with Deviating GDVs and Possible Countermeasures2.3.2 The Relevance of the Pressure Dependence of the GDV in Method Transfer; 2.3.3 Effect of a too High Elution Strength of the Sample Solvent in the Presence of Weakly Eluting Solvent at the Gradient Start; 2.4 Influence of Fluctuations of the Eluent Composition on the Quality of the Detection; 2.4.1 Influence of a Reference Channel on the Baseline in Diode Array Detectors; 2.4.2 The Special Challenge in Methods with UV-Absorbing Retained Additives in the Mobile Phase such as TFA

2.5 Other Kinds of Practical Application of Gradient Systems in HPLC2.5.1 Alternative and Combined Gradient Modes in HPLC; 2.5.2 Advantages in the Implementation of Isocratic Methods with Gradient Instruments; 2.5.3 Use of Gradient Systems in Method Development and Method Optimization; 3 Optimization of a Reversed-Phase Gradient Separation Using EXCEL; Part 2 Specifics of the Gradient in Different Elution Modes; 4 Gradient Elution of Ionic Compounds; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Theoretical Aspects; 4.3 Gradient Types in Ion Chromatography; 4.4 Choice of Eluent

4.4.1 Possibilities for Optimizing Concentration Gradients